Intelligent agents are considered as significant means towards realizing the semantic web vision. On the Semantic Web, integrating ontologies and rules enables software agents to interoperate between them, however, this leads to a problem, that no studies have focused on effective distributed reasoning for integrating ontologies and rules in multiple knowledge-bases. The methods that have been presented for distributed reasoning not only get a lot of times and memory, but also do not lead to a complete and sound reasoning. In this paper, to solve this problem, we present a distributed reasoning system that deals with the representation of the knowledge-base of order sorted logic. This logic is able to describe the hierarchy of predicates and inheritance of expressions that there are in our natural language. To have a distributed reasoning, our proposed method uses the expansion of rigid and valid-non-rigid properties between knowledge-bases. Furthermore, with considering time and the situation of properties for reasoning, the non-rigid properties have not been ignored, in fact, in their valid time and situation, they are used. With this method, we achieve a complete reasoning and, moreover, the extracted knowledge is completely considered in the knowledge-bases and we have a distributed reasoning with high efficiency and sound without missing any information.

In this paper, based on a fractional order Bergman minimal model, a robust strategy for regulation of blood glucose in type 1 diabetic patients is presented. Glucose/insulin concentration in the patient body is controlled through the injection under the patients skin by the pump. Many various controllers for this system have been proposed in the literature. However, most of them have consider the system as an integer order system. Moreover, the majority of the presented methods su er from an important disadvantage that is long settling time of the control system. Thus, the contribution of this paper in comparison with previous related works is presenting a fractional back-stepping sliding mode control that considerably reduces the required time for glucose to reach its desired level. Due to the sliding mode design, the proposed controller is robust against external disturbances. Due to the back-stepping design, convergence of each state variable of the system to its desired value can be guaranteed separately. Simulation results verify the satisfactory performance of the proposed controller.

In this research, second order level set method for simulation of grain burn-back analysis is presented and compared with the first order level set according to discretisation technique, accuracy, and CPU time. In this manner and at the first step, we describe total necessities of level set method that are grid generation, minimum distance function calculation, relative condition estimation, ballistic characteristics calculation, and obtaining results. Then, at the second step, we improve forth necessity of level set method by second order model. For validation of presented model, we consider many type of simple and complex grains and evaluate grain burn- back analysis. The obtained results indicate that second order model is more accurate than the first order model for simulation of complex grains. But, at the simple grains with more CPU time related to second order model, accuracy of two models are similar. A compromise between accuracy and CPU time suggest that one can use second order model for simulation of complex grains and first order model for simulation of simple grains.

In order to determine the effect of root canal sealer on microleakage of obturated root canals by lateral condensation technique (LCT)-with and without tug-back (TB), seventy extracted single root canal teeth were examined. After preparation of root canal with step-back technique, teeth were divided to six groups as follows: 5 teeth as positive control group that obturated by LCT with gutta-perch without sealer. 5 teeth as negative control group in which entire root surfaces and apical foramen coated with nail varnish, and four experimental groups (each group consisted of 15 teeth). Group I ZOE with TB, group II ZOE without TB, group III Roth sealer with TB, and group IV Roth sealer without TB. Then the teeth were immerssed in Pelikan ink for 72 hours and weparated in two peices through vertical long axis. Stereomicroscope observation showed that TB groups (I & III) have statistically less microleakage than non TB groups (II & IV) (P<0.0001). There were no significant differences between two TB groups. Results also showed no relationship between root canal sealer and apical leakage with and without TB in both type of sealers.

Joint optimal inventory control and preventive maintenance are interested in many research and has a potential impact on the performance of manufacturing systems. In addition, due to the uncertainty in demand, maintenance and inventory shortages are almost inevitable. Therefore, determining the optimal amount of buffer level, the time required to create additional storage space to address the loss, and the maintenance time is a concern for many manufacturers. Paper studied a single-machine production unit with incremental failure rates. The system begins with a h-sized inventory stored in period A and stops as soon as it reaches period m, whichever occurs earlier, and is subject to maintenance. The buffer inventory during this period. A mathematical model and a numerical approach are used to obtain optimal values of variables simultaneously to minimize the average total cost and satisfy the access constraint. The results show that, in the presented model, the total cost and decision variables are highly sensitive to the inventory holding cost but not also for the occurred scenario.